Cathode

The cathode functions as the electrode within an electrochemical cell. where reduction occurs. It's the site where chemical species gain electrons, decreasing their oxidation state.

By convention, the cathode is the electrode into which current flows into the cell from the external circuit. In a galvanic (voltaic) cell (like a discharging battery), the cathode is the positive terminal, as it attracts electrons from the external wire to facilitate reduction. Conversely, in an electrolytic cell (where external power drives the reaction, like during electroplating), the cathode is the negative terminal, directly connected to the negative terminal of the power supply to provide the electrons needed for the reduction process.